Land and Freshwater Turtles: A Treasure Threatened with Disappearance
Introduction:
Turtles, true living relics, are fascinating animals that embody endurance and wisdom. Present on our planet for over 220 million years, they have survived climatic upheavals, periods of glaciation and continental shifts. But today, their existence is under serious threat.
Faced with human pressures, these majestic animals are now among the most vulnerable species. Protecting them is therefore crucial to preserving the balance of our ecosystems and biodiversity.
Origin and history of tortoises
Tortoises first appeared during the Triassic geological period, around 220 million years ago. These ancient creatures have evolved very little since then, retaining the unique characteristics that define them today.
A protective shell
Their carapace, consisting of a dossière and a plastron, is undoubtedly their most emblematic feature. It protects them from predators and supports their body structure. Contrary to popular belief, this shell is an extension of their skeleton, not an added “shell”.
Symbols of wisdom and longevity
In many cultures, particularly in Asia and America, turtles are seen as symbols of wisdom and patience. The turtle also appears in many myths where it supports the world on its shell, underlining its symbolic role as a pillar of life and the earth.
Turtle habitat and lifestyle
Tortoises can be found in a variety of habitats, from dry areas to tropical forests, where they play an important ecological role.
Diet and reproduction
Mainly herbivores, they feed on plants, leaves and certain fruits. During the breeding season, females dig nests to lay their eggs. The eggs and young are vulnerable to predators, making the survival of the young particularly precarious.
Sexual dimorphism
Males and females are visibly different. In some species, males have a concave plastron to facilitate mating, as well as a more robust tail. This distinction helps researchers to identify individuals and study their behavior.
Endangered Tortoise Species
Among the endangered species, some land tortoises such as the Yellow-headed Box Turtle and the Snake-necked Turtle are particularly at risk. Exploited for the pet trade or for consumption, their populations have declined rapidly.
(Snuffbox or yellow-headed box turtle)
(Long-necked Turtle or Snake-necked Turtle)
A constantly growing market
The rarest species are often the most sought-after, creating a vicious circle where their scarcity leads to high demand and, consequently, further pressure on their survival.
The main threats to land tortoises
Illegal trafficking
Every year, millions of land and water turtles are captured for sale on the markets. Their meat and shells are eaten or used in handicrafts, and many are also sold as pets.
Link to WWF article: https://www.wwf.fr/champs-daction/vie-sauvage/braconnage
Hunting and local consumption
In South Asia, local communities hunt turtles for food. But this traditional practice has grown in importance as demand has increased, directly threatening turtle populations.
Habitat degradation
Tortoises are also victims of habitat destruction. Urbanization, conversion of agricultural land and drainage of wetlands are reducing their living space, making it harder for them to reproduce and survive.
(Illustration of the impact of urbanization on the habitat of land and freshwater turtles)
Importance of Land Turtles to the Ecosystem
Tortoises play a fundamental role in the ecosystems in which they live. They help to disperse seeds and maintain ecological cycles by regulating certain plant species. Their disappearance would have harmful consequences for biodiversity and the proper functioning of their natural habitat.
Protection measures and initiatives
Faced with this urgent need, various organizations and governments are taking steps to protect these species.
- International regulations and conventions: The Washington Convention (CITES) governs international trade in turtles and turtle products, but more needs to be done to enforce these laws.
- Conservation programs: Local and international initiatives are launched to protect turtle habitats, monitor populations and raise community awareness.
- Awareness-raising: Informing the public about the importance of protecting turtles is essential to reduce demand for products derived from their exploitation.
Link to WWF website: https://www.wwf.fr/
Conclusion:
Land and freshwater turtles, once thriving and symbols of resilience, are now facing challenges that threaten their survival. Their preservation is essential not only to safeguard these fascinating creatures, but also to maintain the ecological balance.
Every gesture counts in protecting these majestic animals. Whether through support for conservation organizations, education or awareness-raising, everyone can play a part in this essential cause.